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lytem28 b6cf0495e1 feat: complete matrix-native backtest engine
Unify strategy execution across backtest, screener, and monitoring; isolate backtest workloads in spawn workers; and add shared matrix caching plus valid-bar indicator acceleration.
2026-07-16 12:17:27 +08:00

202 lines
8.3 KiB
Python

"""稳健性指标测试 — Sortino + 蒙特卡罗回撤分位 + per-trade 明细。
被测新增:
- BacktestEngine._sortino_ratio(returns, periods_per_year): 下行波动调整收益比
- BacktestEngine._mc_drawdown_percentiles(pnls, n_sims): 自助重抽样估计最大回撤分布
- _calc_stats / _calc_portfolio_stats 输出新增 sortino / mc_maxdd_p50 / mc_maxdd_p95 /
median_pnl / best / worst / avg_holding_days 字段
"""
from __future__ import annotations
from datetime import date
import numpy as np
from app.backtest.engine import BacktestEngine, SimulationOptions, TradeRecord
# ---------------------------------------------------------------
# Sortino
# ---------------------------------------------------------------
def test_sortino_all_losses_is_exact():
"""全亏损序列: mean/downside_dev * sqrt(252) 可手算校验。"""
r = np.array([-0.1, -0.1])
# mean=-0.1; neg=[-0.1,-0.1]; downside_dev=sqrt(mean(0.01,0.01))=0.1
# sortino = -0.1/0.1 * sqrt(252) = -sqrt(252)
got = BacktestEngine._sortino_ratio(r)
assert abs(got - (-np.sqrt(252))) < 1e-6
def test_sortino_no_downside_returns_none():
"""无负收益 → 下行波动为 0, Sortino 未定义, 约定返回 None (不虚报 inf/0)。"""
r = np.array([0.05, 0.10, 0.02])
assert BacktestEngine._sortino_ratio(r) is None
def test_sortino_exceeds_sharpe_when_downside_is_tamer():
"""下行波动小于总波动时, Sortino 应高于 Sharpe (只惩罚下行的优势)。"""
# 大涨小跌: 上行贡献总波动但不进下行 → sortino > sharpe
r = np.array([0.20, -0.02, 0.20, -0.02])
mean = float(np.mean(r))
sharpe = mean / float(np.std(r)) * np.sqrt(252)
sortino = BacktestEngine._sortino_ratio(r)
assert sortino is not None
assert sortino > sharpe
def test_sortino_too_few_points():
assert BacktestEngine._sortino_ratio(np.array([0.1])) == 0.0
assert BacktestEngine._sortino_ratio(np.array([])) == 0.0
# ---------------------------------------------------------------
# 蒙特卡罗最大回撤分位
# ---------------------------------------------------------------
# 固定种子 (42) + 固定输入下的快照值; 一旦有人改种子或算法, 立即红。
_MC_INPUT = np.array([0.05, -0.03, 0.08, -0.06, 0.02, -0.04, 0.10, -0.05])
_MC_P50 = -0.0976
_MC_P95 = -0.2108
def test_mc_drawdown_is_deterministic_snapshot():
"""固定种子 → 结果既跨调用一致, 又等于钉死的快照值 (防有人把种子改成系统熵)。"""
a = BacktestEngine._mc_drawdown_percentiles(_MC_INPUT)
b = BacktestEngine._mc_drawdown_percentiles(_MC_INPUT)
assert a == b
assert a["mc_maxdd_p50"] == _MC_P50
assert a["mc_maxdd_p95"] == _MC_P95
def test_mc_drawdown_p95_strictly_worse_and_negative():
"""含亏损输入: 中位场景必有回撤 (p50<0), 且 P95 严格差于 P50 (非恒真的 <=)。"""
r = BacktestEngine._mc_drawdown_percentiles(_MC_INPUT)
assert r["mc_maxdd_p50"] < 0.0
assert r["mc_maxdd_p95"] < r["mc_maxdd_p50"]
def test_mc_drawdown_ignores_non_finite():
"""含 nan/inf 的收益应被剔除, 结果与纯净输入完全一致 (不污染分位/序列化)。"""
dirty = np.concatenate([_MC_INPUT, [np.nan, np.inf, -np.inf]])
assert BacktestEngine._mc_drawdown_percentiles(dirty) == BacktestEngine._mc_drawdown_percentiles(_MC_INPUT)
def test_mc_drawdown_clips_sub_minus_100pct_pnl():
"""防御: 单笔 pnl <= -100% 会让 (1+pnl)<=0 使 cumprod 符号翻转; clip 后分位仍有限。"""
pnls = np.array([0.05, -1.5, 0.08, -0.06, 0.02, -0.04]) # -1.5 = -150%, 现实不会有
r = BacktestEngine._mc_drawdown_percentiles(pnls)
assert r["mc_maxdd_p50"] is not None
for v in (r["mc_maxdd_p50"], r["mc_maxdd_p95"]):
assert v == v # 非 nan
assert -1.0 <= v <= 0.0 # 回撤有界在 (-100%, 0], 未因符号翻转失真
def test_mc_drawdown_all_positive_has_zero_drawdown():
"""全正收益: 任何重排都无回撤 → 分位均为 0。"""
pnls = np.array([0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05])
r = BacktestEngine._mc_drawdown_percentiles(pnls)
assert r["mc_maxdd_p50"] == 0.0
assert r["mc_maxdd_p95"] == 0.0
def test_mc_drawdown_too_few_trades():
r = BacktestEngine._mc_drawdown_percentiles(np.array([0.1, -0.1]))
assert r["mc_maxdd_p50"] is None
assert r["mc_maxdd_p95"] is None
# ---------------------------------------------------------------
# 集成: stats 输出新字段
# ---------------------------------------------------------------
def _trades(pnls: list[float], durations: list[int]) -> list[TradeRecord]:
out = []
for p, d in zip(pnls, durations, strict=True):
out.append(TradeRecord(
symbol="A", entry_date=date(2024, 1, 1), exit_date=date(2024, 1, 1 + d),
entry_price=10.0, exit_price=10.0 * (1 + p), pnl_pct=p, duration=d,
exit_reason="signal",
))
return out
def test_calc_stats_emits_robustness_fields():
trades = _trades([0.10, -0.05, 0.08, -0.06], [3, 2, 5, 4])
stats = BacktestEngine._calc_stats(trades, 100_000, date(2024, 1, 1), date(2024, 6, 1))
for k in ("sortino", "mc_maxdd_p50", "mc_maxdd_p95", "median_pnl", "best", "worst", "avg_holding_days"):
assert k in stats, f"缺字段 {k}"
assert stats["best"] == round(0.10, 4)
assert stats["worst"] == round(-0.06, 4)
assert stats["median_pnl"] == round(float(np.median([0.10, -0.05, 0.08, -0.06])), 4)
assert stats["avg_holding_days"] == round(float(np.mean([3, 2, 5, 4])), 1)
def test_calc_stats_empty_trades_safe():
"""空交易不应因新字段计算崩溃。"""
stats = BacktestEngine._calc_stats([], 100_000, date(2024, 1, 1), date(2024, 6, 1))
assert stats["n_trades"] == 0
def test_portfolio_stats_emits_robustness_fields():
"""portfolio 分支同样输出 sortino / mc / per-trade 字段。"""
equity_curve = [
{"date": "2024-01-01", "value": 100_000.0, "exposure": 0.0},
{"date": "2024-01-02", "value": 103_000.0, "exposure": 0.5},
{"date": "2024-01-03", "value": 101_000.0, "exposure": 0.5},
{"date": "2024-01-04", "value": 105_000.0, "exposure": 0.5},
]
trades = _trades([0.06, -0.02, 0.04], [2, 1, 3])
stats = BacktestEngine._calc_portfolio_stats(equity_curve, trades, 100_000)
for k in ("sortino", "mc_maxdd_p50", "mc_maxdd_p95", "median_pnl", "best", "worst", "avg_holding_days"):
assert k in stats, f"缺字段 {k}"
def test_independent_candidate_stats_emits_sortino_and_mc():
"""full 模式主路径 (_calc_independent_candidate_result) 必须输出 sortino / mc 字段。
这是前端 full 模式指标卡的真实数据来源, 若漏拼字典展开会导致 UI 显示空值。
"""
# 构造足量交易 (>=3) 以触发 mc; 用引擎产出真实结果而非直接调私有函数
trades = _trades([0.10, -0.05, 0.08, -0.06, 0.03], [2, 1, 3, 2, 4])
result = BacktestEngine._calc_independent_candidate_result(
trades, n_candidates=5, execution_stats={},
)
for k in ("sortino", "mc_maxdd_p50", "mc_maxdd_p95"):
assert k in result.stats, f"independent 分支缺字段 {k}"
# mc 应为有效数值 (n=5>=3)
assert result.stats["mc_maxdd_p50"] is not None
def test_lightweight_candidate_stats_do_not_call_monte_carlo(monkeypatch):
trades = _trades([0.10, -0.05, 0.08, -0.06, 0.03], [2, 1, 3, 2, 4])
def unexpected(_pnls):
raise AssertionError("Monte Carlo should not run")
monkeypatch.setattr(BacktestEngine, "_mc_drawdown_percentiles", unexpected)
result = BacktestEngine._calc_independent_candidate_result(
trades,
n_candidates=5,
execution_stats={},
options=SimulationOptions(
include_monte_carlo=False,
include_curves=False,
include_trades=False,
include_per_symbol_stats=False,
include_return_distribution=False,
),
)
assert "mc_maxdd_p50" not in result.stats
assert result.equity_curve == []
assert result.drawdown_curve == []
assert result.trades == []
assert result.per_symbol_stats == []
def test_calc_stats_all_wins_reports_sortino_none():
"""全盈利交易在 stats 集成层: 无下行波动 → sortino 序列化为 None (非 0)。"""
trades = _trades([0.10, 0.05, 0.08], [3, 2, 4])
stats = BacktestEngine._calc_stats(trades, 100_000, date(2024, 1, 1), date(2024, 6, 1))
assert stats["sortino"] is None