"""单元测试:绩效分析器。 测试 PerformanceAnalyzer 的各项指标计算。 """ from __future__ import annotations import numpy as np import pandas as pd import pytest from easy_tdx.backtest.performance import PerformanceAnalyzer def _make_equity_curve(n: int = 252, total_return: float = 0.1) -> pd.DataFrame: """创建测试用资金曲线。 Args: n: bar 数量 total_return: 总收益率(例如 0.1 表示 10%) Returns: 包含 datetime, total, drawdown 的 DataFrame """ # 计算每日收益率 daily_ret = (1 + total_return) ** (1 / n) - 1 # 生成权益曲线 initial = 100000 total = initial * np.cumprod(np.full(n, 1 + daily_ret)) # 计算回撤 peak = np.maximum.accumulate(total) drawdown = peak - total drawdown_pct = np.divide(drawdown, peak, out=np.zeros_like(drawdown), where=(peak != 0)) return pd.DataFrame( { "datetime": np.arange(n), "total": total, "drawdown": drawdown, "drawdown_pct": drawdown_pct, } ) def _make_trades() -> pd.DataFrame: """创建测试用交易记录。 Returns: 包含 datetime, direction, pnl, cost_basis, rejected 的 DataFrame 4 条交易: BUY@20240101, SELL@20240106(pnl=500), BUY@20240110, SELL@20240115(pnl=-500) 注意:avg_win/avg_loss/max_win/max_loss 现为「单笔收益率」口径 (= pnl / cost_basis)。此处 cost_basis=10000,故收益率 = pnl/10000。 """ return pd.DataFrame( { "datetime": [20240101, 20240106, 20240110, 20240115], "direction": ["BUY", "SELL", "BUY", "SELL"], "pnl": [0, 500, 0, -500], "cost_basis": [0.0, 10000.0, 0.0, 10000.0], "rejected": [False, False, False, False], } ) def test_total_return() -> None: """测试总收益率计算。""" equity = _make_equity_curve(n=252, total_return=0.1) trades = _make_trades() analyzer = PerformanceAnalyzer(equity, trades) metrics = analyzer.compute() # 总收益率应接近 0.1(10%) assert abs(metrics["total_return"] - 0.1) < 0.01 def test_max_drawdown_never_exceeds_100_pct() -> None: """测试最大回撤永远不超过 100%(从峰值的跌幅)。""" # 模拟先涨 5 倍再腰斩的资金曲线 total = np.concatenate( [ np.linspace(100000, 600000, 126), # 涨到 60 万 np.linspace(600000, 300000, 126), # 跌到 30 万 ] ) peak = np.maximum.accumulate(total) drawdown = peak - total drawdown_pct = np.divide(drawdown, peak, out=np.zeros_like(drawdown), where=(peak != 0)) equity = pd.DataFrame( { "datetime": np.arange(252), "total": total, "drawdown": drawdown, "drawdown_pct": drawdown_pct, } ) trades = _make_trades() analyzer = PerformanceAnalyzer(equity, trades) metrics = analyzer.compute() # 最大回撤 = 从峰值跌 50%(30万 / 60万),不应超过 1.0 assert 0.0 <= metrics["max_drawdown"] <= 1.0, ( f"max_drawdown = {metrics['max_drawdown']:.2%}, should be in [0, 100%]" ) assert abs(metrics["max_drawdown"] - 0.5) < 0.01 def test_max_drawdown_zero_when_monotonic() -> None: """测试单调递增时最大回撤接近 0。""" equity = _make_equity_curve(n=252, total_return=0.1) trades = _make_trades() analyzer = PerformanceAnalyzer(equity, trades) metrics = analyzer.compute() # 单调递增时回撤应很小(浮点误差) assert metrics["max_drawdown"] < 0.01 def test_sharpe_positive_for_profit() -> None: """测试正收益时夏普比率为正。""" equity = _make_equity_curve(n=252, total_return=0.1) trades = _make_trades() analyzer = PerformanceAnalyzer(equity, trades) metrics = analyzer.compute() # 正收益时夏普比率应大于 0 assert metrics["sharpe"] > 0 def test_win_rate() -> None: """测试胜率计算。""" equity = _make_equity_curve(n=252, total_return=0.1) trades = _make_trades() analyzer = PerformanceAnalyzer(equity, trades) metrics = analyzer.compute() # 1 赢 1 输,胜率应接近 0.5 assert abs(metrics["win_rate"] - 0.5) < 0.01 def test_total_trades() -> None: """测试总交易次数。""" equity = _make_equity_curve(n=252, total_return=0.1) trades = _make_trades() analyzer = PerformanceAnalyzer(equity, trades) metrics = analyzer.compute() # 只有 SELL 交易才算完整交易 assert metrics["total_trades"] == 2 def test_empty_trades() -> None: """测试空交易记录。""" equity = _make_equity_curve(n=252, total_return=0.1) trades = pd.DataFrame({"direction": [], "pnl": [], "rejected": []}) analyzer = PerformanceAnalyzer(equity, trades) metrics = analyzer.compute() # 空 trades 时交易相关指标应为 0 assert metrics["total_trades"] == 0 assert metrics["win_trades"] == 0 assert metrics["lose_trades"] == 0 assert metrics["win_rate"] == 0 def test_all_keys_present() -> None: """测试所有核心指标 + 别名键都存在。""" equity = _make_equity_curve(n=252, total_return=0.1) trades = _make_trades() analyzer = PerformanceAnalyzer(equity, trades) metrics = analyzer.compute() expected_keys = { "total_return", "annual_return", "max_drawdown", "max_dd_duration", "sharpe", "sortino", "calmar", "total_trades", "win_trades", "lose_trades", "rejected_trades", "win_rate", "profit_factor", "avg_win", "avg_loss", "max_win", "max_loss", "avg_holding_days", "volatility", # 别名键(issue #22:兼容 .get('sharpe_ratio') 等常见叫法) "sharpe_ratio", "start_cash", "end_value", } assert expected_keys.issubset(set(metrics.keys())) def test_alias_keys_match_canonical() -> None: """issue #22: 别名键与标准键值一致。""" equity = _make_equity_curve(n=252, total_return=0.1) trades = _make_trades() metrics = PerformanceAnalyzer(equity, trades).compute() assert metrics["sharpe_ratio"] == metrics["sharpe"] assert metrics["start_cash"] == pytest.approx(equity["total"].iloc[0]) assert metrics["end_value"] == pytest.approx(equity["total"].iloc[-1]) def test_empty_equity_curve() -> None: """测试空资金曲线返回全零指标 + 诊断提示。""" equity = pd.DataFrame({"total": [], "drawdown": [], "drawdown_pct": []}) trades = _make_trades() analyzer = PerformanceAnalyzer(equity, trades) metrics = analyzer.compute() # 数值指标应为 0 numeric_metrics = {k: v for k, v in metrics.items() if isinstance(v, int | float)} assert all(v == 0 for v in numeric_metrics.values()) # issue #22:数据不全时给出诊断提示,而非静默全 0 assert "diagnostic_warning" in metrics assert isinstance(metrics["diagnostic_warning"], str) def test_single_point_equity_curve() -> None: """测试只有一个点的资金曲线返回全零指标 + 诊断提示。""" equity = pd.DataFrame({"total": [100000], "drawdown": [0], "drawdown_pct": [0.0]}) trades = _make_trades() analyzer = PerformanceAnalyzer(equity, trades) metrics = analyzer.compute() # 数值指标应为 0(需要至少 2 个点才能计算收益率) numeric_metrics = {k: v for k, v in metrics.items() if isinstance(v, int | float)} assert all(v == 0 for v in numeric_metrics.values()) assert "diagnostic_warning" in metrics def test_profit_factor() -> None: """测试盈亏比计算。""" equity = _make_equity_curve(n=252, total_return=0.1) trades = _make_trades() analyzer = PerformanceAnalyzer(equity, trades) metrics = analyzer.compute() # 盈利 500,亏损 500,盈亏比应为 1.0 assert abs(metrics["profit_factor"] - 1.0) < 0.01 def test_avg_win_and_loss() -> None: """测试平均盈亏计算(单笔收益率口径 = pnl / cost_basis)。""" equity = _make_equity_curve(n=252, total_return=0.1) trades = _make_trades() analyzer = PerformanceAnalyzer(equity, trades) metrics = analyzer.compute() # 1 笔盈利 500 / cost_basis 10000 = 0.05(5%) assert abs(metrics["avg_win"] - 0.05) < 0.001 # 1 笔亏损 -500 / cost_basis 10000 = -0.05(-5%) assert abs(metrics["avg_loss"] - (-0.05)) < 0.001 def test_max_win_and_loss() -> None: """测试最大盈亏计算(单笔收益率口径 = pnl / cost_basis)。""" equity = _make_equity_curve(n=252, total_return=0.1) trades = _make_trades() analyzer = PerformanceAnalyzer(equity, trades) metrics = analyzer.compute() # 最大盈利收益率 = 500 / 10000 = 0.05 assert abs(metrics["max_win"] - 0.05) < 0.001 # 最大亏损收益率 = -500 / 10000 = -0.05 assert abs(metrics["max_loss"] - (-0.05)) < 0.001 def test_annual_return() -> None: """测试年化收益率计算。""" equity = _make_equity_curve(n=252, total_return=0.1) trades = _make_trades() analyzer = PerformanceAnalyzer(equity, trades) metrics = analyzer.compute() # 252 天 10% 收益,年化收益率应接近 0.1 assert abs(metrics["annual_return"] - 0.1) < 0.01 def test_volatility() -> None: """测试年化波动率计算。""" equity = _make_equity_curve(n=252, total_return=0.1) trades = _make_trades() analyzer = PerformanceAnalyzer(equity, trades) metrics = analyzer.compute() # 波动率应大于 0 assert metrics["volatility"] > 0 def test_rejected_trades() -> None: """测试被拒绝交易计数。""" equity = _make_equity_curve(n=252, total_return=0.1) # 创建包含被拒绝交易的记录 trades = pd.DataFrame( { "direction": ["BUY", "SELL", "SELL", "SELL"], "pnl": [0, 500, 0, -500], "rejected": [False, False, True, False], } ) analyzer = PerformanceAnalyzer(equity, trades) metrics = analyzer.compute() # 应有 1 笔被拒绝的交易 assert metrics["rejected_trades"] == 1 def test_win_trades_and_lose_trades_count() -> None: """测试盈亏交易计数。""" equity = _make_equity_curve(n=252, total_return=0.1) trades = _make_trades() analyzer = PerformanceAnalyzer(equity, trades) metrics = analyzer.compute() # 1 笔盈利,1 笔亏损 assert metrics["win_trades"] == 1 assert metrics["lose_trades"] == 1 def test_avg_holding_days_fifo() -> None: """测试平均持仓天数(FIFO 配对计算)。""" equity = _make_equity_curve(n=252, total_return=0.1) trades = _make_trades() analyzer = PerformanceAnalyzer(equity, trades) metrics = analyzer.compute() # BUY@20240101 → SELL@20240106: 5 天 # BUY@20240110 → SELL@20240115: 5 天 # 平均 = (5 + 5) / 2 = 5.0 assert metrics["avg_holding_days"] == 5.0 def test_avg_holding_days_weighted() -> None: """测试加权平均持仓天数(不同持仓期)。""" equity = _make_equity_curve(n=252, total_return=0.1) trades = pd.DataFrame( { "datetime": [20240101, 20240111, 20240120, 20240123], "direction": ["BUY", "SELL", "BUY", "SELL"], "pnl": [0, 500, 0, -200], "rejected": [False, False, False, False], } ) analyzer = PerformanceAnalyzer(equity, trades) metrics = analyzer.compute() # BUY@20240101 → SELL@20240111: 10 天 # BUY@20240120 → SELL@20240123: 3 天 # 平均 = (10 + 3) / 2 = 6.5 assert metrics["avg_holding_days"] == 6.5 def test_avg_holding_days_no_datetime() -> None: """测试 trades 没有 datetime 列时返回 0.0。""" equity = _make_equity_curve(n=252, total_return=0.1) # 不含 datetime 列的交易记录 trades = pd.DataFrame( { "direction": ["BUY", "SELL"], "pnl": [0, 500], "rejected": [False, False], } ) analyzer = PerformanceAnalyzer(equity, trades) metrics = analyzer.compute() assert metrics["avg_holding_days"] == 0.0 def test_avg_holding_days_only_buys() -> None: """测试只有买入没有卖出时返回 0.0。""" equity = _make_equity_curve(n=252, total_return=0.1) trades = pd.DataFrame( { "datetime": [20240101, 20240105], "direction": ["BUY", "BUY"], "pnl": [0, 0], "rejected": [False, False], } ) analyzer = PerformanceAnalyzer(equity, trades) metrics = analyzer.compute() assert metrics["avg_holding_days"] == 0.0 def test_max_dd_duration() -> None: """测试最大回撤持续时间计算。""" equity = _make_equity_curve(n=252, total_return=0.1) trades = _make_trades() analyzer = PerformanceAnalyzer(equity, trades) metrics = analyzer.compute() # 单调递增时最大回撤持续时间应为 0 assert metrics["max_dd_duration"] == 0 def test_sortino() -> None: """测试索提诺比率计算。""" equity = _make_equity_curve(n=252, total_return=0.1) trades = _make_trades() analyzer = PerformanceAnalyzer(equity, trades) metrics = analyzer.compute() # 正收益时索提诺比率应大于 0 assert metrics["sortino"] > 0 def test_calmar() -> None: """测试卡玛比率计算。""" equity = _make_equity_curve(n=252, total_return=0.1) trades = _make_trades() analyzer = PerformanceAnalyzer(equity, trades) metrics = analyzer.compute() # 卡玛比率 = annual_return / max_drawdown # 由于 max_drawdown 很小,calmar 会很大 assert metrics["calmar"] > 0 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # 除零边界回归(审计复审 N2 / 首轮 #11) # # performance.py 在计算日收益率时对 total[:-1]==0 的位置做了 safe_prev 守卫 # (记为 NaN 后 np.isfinite 过滤),并对 total[0]==0 的总收益率做了 0.0 兜底。 # 若有人不慎改回旧的 np.diff(total)/total[:-1],这些测试应当红灯。 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- def _metrics_from_total(values: list[float]) -> dict[str, float]: """从一组 total 值构造最小资金曲线并计算指标。""" total = np.array(values, dtype=float) peak = np.maximum.accumulate(total) # 与生产回测一致:drawdown = peak - total;drawdown_pct = drawdown / peak drawdown = peak - total drawdown_pct = np.divide(drawdown, peak, out=np.zeros_like(drawdown), where=(peak != 0)) equity = pd.DataFrame( { "datetime": np.arange(len(total)), "total": total, "drawdown": drawdown, "drawdown_pct": drawdown_pct, } ) return PerformanceAnalyzer(equity, _make_trades()).compute() def test_metrics_handles_zero_intermediate_equity() -> None: """中间净值出现 0 时,日收益率除零不抛异常、返回有限值(审计复审 N2)。 total=[100, 0, 105, 0, 110]:第 1、3 根前值为 0,旧实现 diff/total[:-1] 会得到 inf,进而污染均值/方差计算或触发 RuntimeWarning。修复后这些位置 被 safe_prev 记为 NaN 并由 isfinite 过滤。 """ metrics = _metrics_from_total([100, 0, 105, 0, 110]) # 所有数值型指标必须有限(非 inf、非 NaN) finite_keys = { "total_return", "annual_return", "max_drawdown", "sharpe", "sortino", "calmar", "volatility", "win_rate", "profit_factor", } for key in finite_keys: val = metrics[key] assert np.isfinite(val), f"{key} 不是有限值: {val}" def test_metrics_handles_zero_first_equity() -> None: """首根净值为 0 时 total_return 兜底为 0.0 而非除零(审计复审 N2)。 total[0]==0 时 (total[-1]/total[0]) - 1 会除零;修复后直接记 0.0。 """ metrics = _metrics_from_total([0, 100, 105, 110, 115]) # total_return 走 total[0]==0 分支,应为有限值 assert np.isfinite(metrics["total_return"]), f"total_return 非有限值: {metrics['total_return']}" # 不抛异常即说明 max_drawdown 等也未受影响 assert np.isfinite(metrics["max_drawdown"]) def test_metrics_all_zero_equity_does_not_raise() -> None: """全 0 资金曲线不应产生 inf/nan,也不应抛异常(审计复审 N2 极端场景)。""" # total 全 0 → safe_prev 全 NaN → daily_ret 过滤后为空 → 走 _empty_metrics metrics = _metrics_from_total([0, 0, 0, 0, 0]) # 全 0 资金曲线收益率数据不足,应安全返回有限值(多数为 0) assert np.isfinite(metrics["total_return"]) assert np.isfinite(metrics["max_drawdown"]) assert np.isfinite(metrics["sharpe"]) # ── 回归测试:交易统计语义修复 ─────────────────────────────────────────────── def test_avg_holding_days_crosses_month_boundary() -> None: """跨月持仓天数必须用真实日历日计算,而非 YYYYMMDD 整数差。 回归守卫:旧实现 ``20240201 - 20240131 = 70``(整数差,错误), 新实现解析为 date 后相减 = 1 天。 """ equity = _make_equity_curve(n=252, total_return=0.1) trades = pd.DataFrame( { "datetime": [20240131, 20240201], "direction": ["BUY", "SELL"], "pnl": [0, 100], "cost_basis": [0.0, 10000.0], "rejected": [False, False], } ) analyzer = PerformanceAnalyzer(equity, trades) metrics = analyzer.compute() # 1月31日 → 2月1日 = 1 个真实日历日(旧 bug 会得到 70) assert metrics["avg_holding_days"] == 1.0 def test_profit_factor_no_losing_trades_is_large() -> None: """全部盈利、无亏损交易时 profit_factor 应为 999.0 而非 0.0。 回归守卫:旧实现在 ``len(lose_pnl)==0`` 时直接返回 0.0, 与 100% 胜率并列显示时自相矛盾(胜率 100% 却盈亏比 0)。 """ equity = _make_equity_curve(n=252, total_return=0.1) trades = pd.DataFrame( { "datetime": [20240101, 20240106, 20240110, 20240115], "direction": ["BUY", "SELL", "BUY", "SELL"], "pnl": [0, 500, 0, 300], "cost_basis": [0.0, 10000.0, 0.0, 10000.0], "rejected": [False, False, False, False], } ) analyzer = PerformanceAnalyzer(equity, trades) metrics = analyzer.compute() assert metrics["win_trades"] == 2 assert metrics["lose_trades"] == 0 assert metrics["profit_factor"] == 999.0 def test_avg_win_zero_when_no_cost_basis_column() -> None: """trades 无 cost_basis 列时 avg_win/avg_loss/max_win/max_loss 应回退为 0.0。 回归守卫:engine._trades_to_df 现会输出 cost_basis 列,但若上游构造的 trades DataFrame 缺该列(如旧式直接拼装),不应抛 KeyError,应记 0.0。 """ equity = _make_equity_curve(n=252, total_return=0.1) trades = pd.DataFrame( { "datetime": [20240101, 20240106], "direction": ["BUY", "SELL"], "pnl": [0, 500], "rejected": [False, False], } ) analyzer = PerformanceAnalyzer(equity, trades) metrics = analyzer.compute() # 无 cost_basis → 单笔收益率无法计算 → 记 0.0,不抛异常 assert metrics["avg_win"] == 0.0 assert metrics["max_win"] == 0.0