diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 143db25..1d53b63 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -7,6 +7,11 @@
 ### 新增
 
 - **Playwright E2E 前端测试基建**（升级计划 P4-1）——web-ui 引入 `@playwright/test`（`e2e/` + `playwright.config.ts`，`npm run test:e2e`）。**mock 方案选后端合成数据而非 page.route 拦截**：`EASY_TDX_E2E_MOCK=1` 时 serve 的 lifespan 把 TDX/MAC 客户端替换为合成数据客户端（`web/e2e_mock.py`，按 (market, code) CRC32 播种的确定性随机游走，分页语义与真实 /bars 一致），回测/WF/一条龙评估/自选/策略库继续走**真实后端代码**（它们本就不依赖行情连接），SSE 由 QuoteStreamer 真轮询合成数据全链路覆盖（mock 模式下轮询降到 2s 一拍，不受交易时段限制）。用例覆盖：看板五大指数区块+SSE 价格渲染、自选增删、回测全流程（净值图/绩效表/成交记录）、「附加分析」开关（WF 逐窗柱状图+一条龙评估卡）、策略库保存；`EASY_TDX_CONFIG_DIR` 指向每轮独立临时目录（断言可写死、不污染真实 `~/.easy_tdx`）。CI frontend job 追加 E2E 步骤；`verify_ci.sh` 补 `--no-frontend` 与前端 typecheck+build+E2E 段。新增 `tests/unit/test_e2e_mock.py`（11 例）守护 mock 与真实客户端的契约。
+- **WebSocket 实时推送联动 EventBus**（升级计划 P4-2）——`/ws/realtime/{symbol}` 从「不推送数据」变为真链路：新增 `web/realtime_hub.py`（RealtimeStreamHub），订阅集合变化时按需启停 `RealtimeDataFeed`（轮询 `get_stock_quotes` → `EventBus` → 每连接独立队列 fan-out，丢最旧保最新）；**无人订阅完全停止轮询**（对齐 QuoteStreamer 节能语义）；去重后标的上限 80；推送帧 `{type:"tick", symbol, market, code, price, volume, ts, open, high, low, pre_close, amount, name}`，30s 空闲 `ping` 心跳，客户端可 `subscribe`/`unsubscribe` 动态增删。端点重写为「单一写者泵」模型（全部出站帧经队列串行，杜绝并发 send 交错）。**前端接入选择只写文档不上组件**：看板/自选实时刷新已由 SSE `/stream/quotes`（全量快照、单连接共享）承担，WS 定位是按需单标的 tick（实时策略信号预留口），双通道同时拉同样行情属冗余——协议 + 自动重连/心跳容忍代码骨架落 `docs/api_reference.md` 与 README（「未联动」警示已撤）。新增 `scripts/ws_smoke.py` 手动冒烟（mock 模式随时可跑，实测可见 tick 帧与动态订阅确认）。环境变量 `EASY_TDX_WS_INTERVAL` 可调轮询间隔。
+
+### 修复
+
+- `RealtimeDataFeed` stop-before-start 竞态：`run_async`/`run_sync` 首行会把 `_running` 重置为 True，若 `stop()` 在任务首次调度前调用，停止请求被覆盖、任务永不退出（RealtimeStreamHub 换标的重建 feed 时必现死锁）。引入独立 `_stop_requested` 标志，启动前已请求停止则直接返回；`tests/unit/test_realtime_feed.py` 补 2 个回归用例。
 
 ## [1.27.0] — 2026-09-01
 
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 107895d..a625193 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1170,23 +1170,39 @@ curl -X POST "http://localhost:8000/api/v1/chanlun/analyze" \
 
 ### WebSocket 实时行情
 
-> ⚠️ **当前未联动数据源**：`create_app()` 尚未创建 `EventBus`，此 WS 端点目前
-> 不会推送任何行情。计划在后续版本接入 `RealtimeDataFeed` 后打通。
-> 如需实时行情，请先用上文「实时行情轮询」的编程 API。
+`/api/v1/ws/realtime/{symbol}`（v1.28 起接通数据源）：连接即订阅指定标的，服务端
+经 `RealtimeDataFeed`（按 `interval` 秒轮询五档快照 → `EventBus`）推送 tick 帧；
+连接断开自动退订，无人订阅时完全停止轮询。盘外时段默认只睡不拉（交易时段过滤），
+本地冒烟/演示可配合 `EASY_TDX_E2E_MOCK=1` 的合成行情随时验证（见
+`scripts/ws_smoke.py`）。
 
 ```javascript
-// JavaScript 示例
-const ws = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:8000/ws/realtime/SZ000001");
+const ws = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:8000/api/v1/ws/realtime/SZ000001");
 
 ws.onmessage = (event) => {
-    const data = JSON.parse(event.data);
-    console.log(data);  // {type: "tick", market: "SZ", code: "000001", price: 10.5, ...}
+    const frame = JSON.parse(event.data);
+    if (frame.type === "tick") {
+        // {type:"tick", symbol:"SZ000001", market:"SZ", code:"000001",
+        //  price:10.5, volume:12345, ts:1760000000.0,
+        //  open, high, low, pre_close, amount, name}
+        console.log(frame.symbol, frame.price, frame.ts);
+    } else if (frame.type === "ping") {
+        // 服务端 30s 空闲心跳，忽略即可（客户端无须回包）
+    }
 };
 
-// 动态订阅更多标的
+// 动态订阅更多标的（服务端回 {"type":"status","msg":"subscribed SH600000"}）
 ws.send(JSON.stringify({action: "subscribe", symbol: "SH600000"}));
+// 退订
+ws.send(JSON.stringify({action: "unsubscribe", symbol: "SH600000"}));
 ```
 
+浏览器接入建议（自动重连 + 心跳容忍）：`onclose` 后指数退避重连（参考
+`web-ui/src/stores/quotes.ts` 对 SSE 的同类处理）；`{"type":"ping"}` 心跳帧直接
+忽略、不回包；连续 N 秒无任何帧（含 ping）再视为僵死连接主动重连。协议字段完整
+说明见 `docs/api_reference.md` 的 WebSocket 一节；单标的 WS 订阅与看板 SSE
+（全量快照）并存不冲突，按需选用。
+
 ### API 文档
 
 启动服务后访问：
diff --git a/docs/api_reference.md b/docs/api_reference.md
index e92c00c..2171671 100644
--- a/docs/api_reference.md
+++ b/docs/api_reference.md
@@ -639,3 +639,66 @@ compute_price_limits(market, code, name, pre_close, listed_days=None)
 | `KNOWN_HOSTS` | `list[str]` | A 股行情服务器列表 |
 | `KNOWN_EX_HOSTS` | `list[str]` | 扩展行情服务器列表 |
 | `XDXR_CATEGORY_NAMES` | `dict[int, str]` | 除权除息事件类型映射 |
+
+---
+
+## WebSocket 实时行情（serve /ws/realtime/*）
+
+`easy-tdx serve` 后可建立 WebSocket 连接（v1.28 起联动 `RealtimeDataFeed`，此前
+该端点不推送数据）：
+
+```
+ws://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/ws/realtime/{symbol}     # symbol 如 SZ000001 / SH600519
+```
+
+### 服务端推送帧（JSON）
+
+| type | 触发 | 字段 |
+|------|------|------|
+| `tick` | 轮询到标的的最新快照（价格/量变化才推，约 `interval` 秒一拍） | `symbol`、`market`、`code`、`price`、`volume`、`ts`（epoch 秒）、`open`、`high`、`low`、`pre_close`、`amount`、`name` |
+| `ping` | 连续 30s 未收到客户端消息的心跳 | —（客户端忽略即可，无须回包） |
+| `status` | 客户端 subscribe/unsubscribe 的确认 | `msg`（如 `subscribed SH600000`） |
+| `error` | 非法 JSON / 未知 action / 超出订阅上限 | `msg` |
+
+### 客户端控制消息（JSON 文本帧）
+
+```json
+{"action": "subscribe", "symbol": "SH600000"}
+{"action": "unsubscribe", "symbol": "SH600000"}
+```
+
+### 行为约定
+
+- **连接即订阅** path 上的 symbol；断开自动退订全部标的。
+- **按需轮询**：订阅集合为空时服务端不产生任何行情请求；去重后标的总数上限
+  80（`get_stock_quotes` 协议约束）。
+- **交易时段**：默认 A 股时段外只睡不拉（无 tick 帧，心跳照发）；mock 模式
+  （`EASY_TDX_E2E_MOCK=1`）不受限制。
+- **背压**：消费过慢时丢最旧快照保最新，不积压。
+- 环境变量：`EASY_TDX_WS_INTERVAL`（轮询间隔秒数，默认 3.0）。
+
+### 前端接入方式（自动重连 + 心跳容忍）
+
+```typescript
+function connectRealtime(symbol: string, onTick: (f: TickFrame) => void) {
+  let retry = 0
+  let ws: WebSocket | null = null
+  const open = () => {
+    ws = new WebSocket(`ws://${location.host}/api/v1/ws/realtime/${symbol}`)
+    ws.onmessage = (e) => {
+      const frame = JSON.parse(e.data)
+      if (frame.type === 'tick') { retry = 0; onTick(frame) }  // ping/status 忽略
+    }
+    ws.onclose = () => {
+      retry += 1
+      setTimeout(open, Math.min(1000 * 2 ** (retry - 1), 30_000))  // 指数退避
+    }
+  }
+  open()
+  return () => ws?.close()
+}
+```
+
+> 说明：看板/自选页的实时刷新已由 SSE `/stream/quotes`（全量快照、单连接共享）
+> 承担；WS 通道定位是**按需订阅单标的 tick 事件**（后续实时策略信号的接入点），
+> 两条链路按场景选用，不要求同时连接。手动冒烟见 `scripts/ws_smoke.py`。
diff --git a/scripts/ws_smoke.py b/scripts/ws_smoke.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea54cbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/ws_smoke.py
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+"""ws_smoke — WebSocket 实时行情推送手动冒烟脚本（v1.28）。
+
+连 ``/api/v1/ws/realtime/{symbol}``，打印收到的每一帧，验证
+RealtimeDataFeed → EventBus → RealtimeStreamHub 的推送链路。
+
+用法::
+
+    # 真实服务器（需 MAC 行情可达且在交易时段，或标的盘外有静止快照）
+    .venv/Scripts/python.exe scripts/ws_smoke.py --symbol SZ000001
+
+    # mock 模式（推荐本地冒烟：合成行情、不受交易时段限制）
+    # 终端 1：
+    EASY_TDX_E2E_MOCK=1 .venv/Scripts/python.exe -m easy_tdx serve --port 8000 --no-open-browser
+    # 终端 2：
+    .venv/Scripts/python.exe scripts/ws_smoke.py --url ws://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/ws/realtime/SZ000001
+
+可选参数：--duration 秒数（默认 15）、--extra-symbol 运行中追加订阅的标的。
+退出码：收到至少一帧 tick = 0，否则 1。
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import asyncio
+import json
+import sys
+import time
+
+import websockets
+
+
+async def main() -> int:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="WebSocket 实时行情冒烟")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--url",
+        default="ws://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/ws/realtime/SZ000001",
+        help="WS 端点（默认本地 serve 的 SZ000001）",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("--duration", type=float, default=15.0, help="冒烟时长（秒）")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--extra-symbol", default="SH600519", help="运行中追加订阅的标的（演示动态订阅）"
+    )
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    ticks = 0
+    start = time.perf_counter()
+
+    try:
+        async with websockets.connect(args.url) as ws:
+            print(f"已连接 {args.url}，监听 {args.duration:.0f}s（Ctrl+C 提前退出）")
+            # 3 秒后演示动态订阅（应收到 status 确认 + 新标的 tick）
+            subscribe_at = start + 3.0
+
+            async def _maybe_subscribe() -> None:
+                if time.perf_counter() < subscribe_at:
+                    await asyncio.sleep(subscribe_at - time.perf_counter())
+                await ws.send(json.dumps({"action": "subscribe", "symbol": args.extra_symbol}))
+                print(f"→ 已发送动态订阅：{args.extra_symbol}")
+
+            sub_task = asyncio.create_task(_maybe_subscribe())
+            try:
+                while time.perf_counter() - start < args.duration:
+                    raw = await asyncio.wait_for(ws.recv(), timeout=5.0)
+                    frame = json.loads(raw)
+                    if frame.get("type") == "tick":
+                        ticks += 1
+                        print(
+                            f"[tick] {frame['symbol']} 价={frame['price']:.2f} "
+                            f"量={frame.get('volume', 0):.0f} 名={frame.get('name', '')} "
+                            f"ts={frame['ts']:.0f}"
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        print(f"[{frame.get('type')}] {frame}")
+            finally:
+                sub_task.cancel()
+                await asyncio.gather(sub_task, return_exceptions=True)
+    except (OSError, TimeoutError) as exc:
+        print(f"连接失败：{exc}\n请确认 serve 已启动（easy-tdx serve）", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
+
+    print(f"—— 冒烟结束：共收到 {ticks} 帧 tick ——")
+    return 0 if ticks > 0 else 1
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.exit(asyncio.run(main()))
diff --git a/src/easy_tdx/realtime/feed.py b/src/easy_tdx/realtime/feed.py
index bfe9b30..72d8f17 100644
--- a/src/easy_tdx/realtime/feed.py
+++ b/src/easy_tdx/realtime/feed.py
@@ -186,6 +186,11 @@ class RealtimeDataFeed:
         self._fields = fields
         self._state = _FeedState()
         self._running = False
+        # stop() 在 run_async/run_sync 首次调度前调用的竞态防护：
+        # run_* 的首行会把 _running 重置为 True，若不另立 stop 标志，
+        # 「先 stop 后 start」的停止请求会被覆盖，任务永不退出
+        # （RealtimeStreamHub 换标的重建 feed 时必现，v1.28 修复）。
+        self._stop_requested = False
 
     @property
     def running(self) -> bool:
@@ -206,6 +211,8 @@ class RealtimeDataFeed:
             max_iterations: 最多轮询多少轮（测试用）；None 表示无限循环直到
                 :meth:`stop`。
         """
+        if self._stop_requested:
+            return  # 启动前已请求停止（见 __init__ 的竞态说明）
         self._running = True
         try:
             count = 0
@@ -254,6 +261,8 @@ class RealtimeDataFeed:
 
     async def _run_sync_loop(self, client: Any, max_iterations: int | None) -> None:
         """同步客户端的轮询循环：阻塞调用丢到 executor。"""
+        if self._stop_requested:
+            return  # 启动前已请求停止（见 __init__ 的竞态说明）
         self._running = True
         try:
             count = 0
@@ -267,7 +276,12 @@ class RealtimeDataFeed:
             self._running = False
 
     def stop(self) -> None:
-        """请求停止轮询（下一轮 sleep 结束后生效）。"""
+        """请求停止轮询（下一轮 sleep 结束后生效）。
+
+        在 ``run_async`` / ``run_sync`` 首次获得调度之前调用同样有效
+        （启动即退出），见 ``__init__`` 的竞态说明。
+        """
+        self._stop_requested = True
         self._running = False
 
     # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
diff --git a/src/easy_tdx/web/app.py b/src/easy_tdx/web/app.py
index a717696..0a89219 100644
--- a/src/easy_tdx/web/app.py
+++ b/src/easy_tdx/web/app.py
@@ -141,6 +141,23 @@ async def lifespan(app: FastAPI) -> AsyncGenerator[None, None]:
             mac_client = None
     app.state.mac_client = mac_client
 
+    # --- WebSocket 实时推送枢纽（/ws/realtime/*，按需轮询 + fan-out） ---
+    # 与 MAC 客户端共用一条连接；无订阅时不轮询（见 realtime_hub.py）。
+    # mock 模式关闭交易时段过滤并支持更密轮询，供 E2E / 冒烟脚本随时可推。
+    app.state.realtime_hub = None
+    if mac_client is not None:
+        try:
+            from easy_tdx.web.realtime_hub import RealtimeStreamHub
+
+            app.state.realtime_hub = RealtimeStreamHub(
+                mac_client,
+                interval=float(os.environ.get("EASY_TDX_WS_INTERVAL", "3.0")),
+                sessions=() if mock_mode else None,
+            )
+            logger.info("RealtimeStreamHub 已挂载（/ws/realtime/* 就绪）")
+        except Exception:
+            logger.warning("RealtimeStreamHub 挂载失败 — WS 实时推送不可用", exc_info=True)
+
     # --- 扩展市场客户端（可选） ---
     ex_client = None
     enable_ex = getattr(app.state, "enable_ex", False)
@@ -166,6 +183,14 @@ async def lifespan(app: FastAPI) -> AsyncGenerator[None, None]:
         except Exception:
             logger.warning("QuoteStreamer stop failed", exc_info=True)
 
+    # --- 关闭 WebSocket 实时推送枢纽（停止按需轮询任务） ---
+    rt_hub = getattr(app.state, "realtime_hub", None)
+    if rt_hub is not None:
+        try:
+            await rt_hub.shutdown()
+        except Exception:
+            logger.warning("RealtimeStreamHub shutdown failed", exc_info=True)
+
     # --- 依次关闭 ---
     for name, cli in [
         ("Ex market client", ex_client),
diff --git a/src/easy_tdx/web/e2e_mock.py b/src/easy_tdx/web/e2e_mock.py
index 89b14ec..11c3a32 100644
--- a/src/easy_tdx/web/e2e_mock.py
+++ b/src/easy_tdx/web/e2e_mock.py
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import logging
+import time
 import zlib
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
 from typing import Any
@@ -277,6 +278,36 @@ class MockMacClient:
     async def close(self) -> None:
         """lifespan 关闭时调用（无真实连接，空操作）。"""
 
+    async def get_stock_quotes(
+        self, stocks: list[tuple[int, str]], fields: Any = None
+    ) -> pd.DataFrame:
+        """批量五档快照（RealtimeStreamHub → RealtimeDataFeed 的轮询入口）。
+
+        与 feed._row_to_event 的取数口径对齐：最新价落在 close 列、
+        market 为 int；价格在合成序列上随每次调用轻微漂移（绕过 feed 去重，
+        让 WS/E2E 在盘外也能持续看到推送帧）。
+        """
+        rows = []
+        for market, code in stocks:
+            closes = _synth_closes(market_enum_key(_int_market_to_enum(int(market))), code, 30)
+            jitter = 1.0 + ((time.time() % 60.0) / 60.0 - 0.5) * 0.002
+            price = float(closes[-1]) * jitter
+            rows.append(
+                {
+                    "market": int(market),
+                    "code": code,
+                    "close": price,
+                    "vol": 100_000.0 + (time.time() % 60.0) * 10.0,
+                    "open": float(closes[-1]),
+                    "high": price * 1.005,
+                    "low": price * 0.995,
+                    "pre_close": float(closes[-2]),
+                    "amount": price * 100_000.0,
+                    "name": _display_name(market, code),
+                }
+            )
+        return pd.DataFrame(rows)
+
     async def get_stock_kline(
         self,
         market: Any,
diff --git a/src/easy_tdx/web/realtime_hub.py b/src/easy_tdx/web/realtime_hub.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51651f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/easy_tdx/web/realtime_hub.py
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+"""WebSocket 实时推送枢纽：RealtimeDataFeed（轮询）→ EventBus → 每连接队列 fan-out。
+
+架构对齐 :class:`easy_tdx.web.quote_streamer.QuoteStreamer`（SSE 推送器）的
+生命周期与节能语义，差异在数据通路：
+
+- SSE ``/stream/quotes``：固定集合（指数 + 全部自选）全量快照，所有页面共享；
+- WS  ``/ws/realtime/{symbol}``：**按需订阅**的逐标的 tick 事件，走
+  :class:`~easy_tdx.realtime.feed.RealtimeDataFeed`（轮询 ``get_stock_quotes``
+  五档快照 → :class:`~easy_tdx.realtime.engine.EventBus` 发布 MarketEvent）。
+
+节能语义：
+
+- 订阅集合为空时不轮询（feed 任务不启动 / 已启动则停止）——与 QuoteStreamer
+  「无人订阅时循环休眠」一致；
+- 轮询集合 = 各连接订阅的去重并集（引用计数）；集合变化时重启 feed
+  （feed 的 symbols 在构造时固定，重启代价 ≤ 一个 sleep 步长 0.5s）；
+- 盘外时段由 RealtimeDataFeed 自带的交易时段过滤兜底（只睡不拉）。
+
+背压：队列满（连接消费慢）时丢最旧保最新——行情快照旧帧无价值。
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import itertools
+import logging
+import time
+from typing import Any
+
+from easy_tdx.realtime.engine import EventBus, MarketEvent
+from easy_tdx.realtime.feed import RealtimeDataFeed
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+__all__ = ["RealtimeStreamHub", "parse_realtime_symbol", "MAX_WS_SYMBOLS"]
+
+#: 单 hub 订阅标的上限（get_stock_quotes 单次 80 只，协议约束）。
+MAX_WS_SYMBOLS = 80
+
+_MARKET_STR_TO_INT: dict[str, int] = {"SZ": 0, "SH": 1, "BJ": 2}
+
+
+def parse_realtime_symbol(symbol: str) -> tuple[int, str]:
+    """``"SZ000001"`` → ``(0, "000001")``（MAC 客户端的 int 市场约定）。
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: 格式非法（非 市场前缀 + 6 位数字）。
+    """
+    s = symbol.strip().upper()
+    if len(s) != 8 or s[:2] not in _MARKET_STR_TO_INT or not s[2:].isdigit():
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"标的格式应为 市场前缀+6位代码（如 SZ000001 / SH600519），得到 '{symbol}'"
+        )
+    return _MARKET_STR_TO_INT[s[:2]], s[2:]
+
+
+def _event_to_frame(event: MarketEvent) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """MarketEvent → 前端推送帧 ``{type, symbol, price, ts, ...}``。"""
+    symbol = f"{event.market}{event.code}"
+    return {
+        "type": "tick",
+        "symbol": symbol,
+        "market": event.market,
+        "code": event.code,
+        "price": event.price,
+        "volume": event.volume,
+        "ts": event.timestamp if event.timestamp > 0 else time.time(),
+        **event.data,  # open/high/low/pre_close/amount/name 等（feed 附加字段）
+    }
+
+
+class RealtimeStreamHub:
+    """按需轮询 + 每连接独立队列 fan-out。由 FastAPI lifespan 挂载到
+    ``app.state.realtime_hub``，``/ws/realtime/*`` 端点调用。
+
+    Args:
+        quote_client: 拥有 ``async def get_stock_quotes(stocks, fields=None)``
+            的客户端（如 :class:`~easy_tdx.mac.client.AsyncMacClient`）。
+            stocks 为 ``[(market_int, code), ...]``，返回列含
+            market/code/close/vol/open/high/low/pre_close/amount/name。
+        interval: 轮询间隔（秒），透传给 RealtimeDataFeed。
+        sessions: 交易时段过滤，None = feed 默认（A 股时段）；``()`` = 全天轮询
+            （演示/E2E 用，配合 mock 数据不受交易时段限制）。
+        queue_size: 每连接队列容量（满则丢最旧保最新）。
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        quote_client: Any,
+        *,
+        interval: float = 3.0,
+        sessions: tuple[tuple[int, int], ...] | None = None,
+        queue_size: int = 8,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._client = quote_client
+        self._interval = interval
+        self._sessions = sessions
+        self._queue_size = queue_size
+        self._bus = EventBus()
+        self._bus.subscribe_all(self._on_event)
+        self._queues: dict[int, asyncio.Queue[dict[str, Any]]] = {}
+        self._subs: dict[int, set[str]] = {}
+        self._refcount: dict[str, int] = {}
+        self._ids = itertools.count(1)
+        self._feed: RealtimeDataFeed | None = None
+        self._feed_task: asyncio.Task[None] | None = None
+        self._polling: list[tuple[int, str]] = []  # 当前 feed 正在轮询的集合
+        self._lock = asyncio.Lock()
+
+    # ── 订阅管理（WS 端点调用） ──────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    def connect(self) -> tuple[int, asyncio.Queue[dict[str, Any]]]:
+        """注册一个连接；返回 (cid, queue)。queue 是该连接唯一的推送出口。"""
+        cid = next(self._ids)
+        q: asyncio.Queue[dict[str, Any]] = asyncio.Queue(maxsize=self._queue_size)
+        self._queues[cid] = q
+        self._subs[cid] = set()
+        return cid, q
+
+    async def subscribe(self, cid: int, symbol: str) -> None:
+        """连接 cid 订阅 symbol（引用计数 +1；新标的进入轮询集合）。
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: symbol 格式非法，或去重后标的数超过 :data:`MAX_WS_SYMBOLS`。
+        """
+        parse_realtime_symbol(symbol)  # 先做格式校验（不持锁）
+        key = symbol.strip().upper()
+        async with self._lock:
+            if key in self._subs[cid]:
+                return  # 幂等：同连接重复订阅同一标的
+            if self._refcount.get(key, 0) == 0 and len(self._active_symbols()) >= MAX_WS_SYMBOLS:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"订阅标的总数已达上限 {MAX_WS_SYMBOLS}（get_stock_quotes 单次上限）"
+                )
+            self._subs[cid].add(key)
+            self._refcount[key] = self._refcount.get(key, 0) + 1
+            await self._sync_feed()
+
+    async def unsubscribe(self, cid: int, symbol: str) -> None:
+        """连接 cid 退订 symbol（引用计数 -1；归零则移出轮询集合）。"""
+        key = symbol.strip().upper()
+        async with self._lock:
+            if key not in self._subs[cid]:
+                return
+            self._subs[cid].discard(key)
+            self._dec_ref(key)
+            await self._sync_feed()
+
+    async def disconnect(self, cid: int) -> None:
+        """连接断开：退订其全部标的并同步轮询集合。"""
+        async with self._lock:
+            for key in self._subs.pop(cid, set()):
+                self._dec_ref(key)
+            self._queues.pop(cid, None)
+            await self._sync_feed()
+
+    # ── 生命周期 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    async def shutdown(self) -> None:
+        """lifespan 关闭时调用：停止轮询任务（feed 正常退出，非 cancel）。"""
+        async with self._lock:
+            self._refcount.clear()
+            await self._stop_feed()
+
+    @property
+    def poll_symbols(self) -> list[str]:
+        """当前去重后的订阅集合（诊断/测试用）。"""
+        return self._active_symbols()
+
+    @property
+    def subscriber_count(self) -> int:
+        """当前连接数。"""
+        return len(self._queues)
+
+    @property
+    def polling(self) -> bool:
+        """是否正在轮询（有订阅时 True）。"""
+        return self._feed_task is not None and not self._feed_task.done()
+
+    # ── 内部 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    def _active_symbols(self) -> list[str]:
+        """引用计数 > 0 的标的（排序保证 feed 重启的参数确定性）。"""
+        return sorted(s for s, c in self._refcount.items() if c > 0)
+
+    def _dec_ref(self, key: str) -> None:
+        count = self._refcount.get(key, 0) - 1
+        if count > 0:
+            self._refcount[key] = count
+        else:
+            self._refcount.pop(key, None)
+
+    async def _sync_feed(self) -> None:
+        """把轮询集合同步成订阅并集（持锁调用）。
+
+        集合未变直接返回；变化则停旧 feed、按新集合启动（空集合 = 完全停止）。
+        """
+        desired = [parse_realtime_symbol(s) for s in self._active_symbols()]
+        if desired == self._polling:
+            return
+        await self._stop_feed()
+        if desired:
+            self._feed = RealtimeDataFeed(
+                self._bus, desired, interval=self._interval, sessions=self._sessions
+            )
+            self._feed_task = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_task(
+                self._feed.run_async(self._client)
+            )
+            self._polling = desired
+            logger.info("RealtimeStreamHub 开始轮询 %d 只标的", len(desired))
+        else:
+            logger.info("RealtimeStreamHub 无订阅，停止轮询")
+
+    async def _stop_feed(self) -> None:
+        """优雅停止当前 feed 任务（持锁调用）。"""
+        if self._feed_task is None:
+            return
+        if self._feed is not None:
+            self._feed.stop()  # 下一 sleep 步长（≤0.5s）内退出
+        try:
+            await self._feed_task
+        except Exception:
+            logger.warning("RealtimeDataFeed 任务异常退出", exc_info=True)
+        self._feed_task = None
+        self._feed = None
+        self._polling = []
+
+    def _on_event(self, event: MarketEvent) -> None:
+        """EventBus 回调：按各连接的订阅集合 fan-out（丢最旧保最新）。"""
+        if not self._queues:
+            return
+        key = f"{event.market}{event.code}"
+        frame = _event_to_frame(event)
+        for cid, q in list(self._queues.items()):
+            if key not in self._subs.get(cid, set()):
+                continue
+            try:
+                q.put_nowait(frame)
+            except asyncio.QueueFull:
+                try:
+                    q.get_nowait()
+                except asyncio.QueueEmpty:
+                    pass
+                try:
+                    q.put_nowait(frame)
+                except asyncio.QueueFull:
+                    pass
diff --git a/src/easy_tdx/web/routers/realtime.py b/src/easy_tdx/web/routers/realtime.py
index 2e519d1..25bc4dd 100644
--- a/src/easy_tdx/web/routers/realtime.py
+++ b/src/easy_tdx/web/routers/realtime.py
@@ -1,4 +1,26 @@
-"""实时数据 WebSocket 路由。"""
+"""实时数据 WebSocket 路由（v1.28 起联动 RealtimeDataFeed）。
+
+``GET /api/v1/ws/realtime/{symbol}``（WebSocket）：
+
+- 连接即订阅 path 上的 symbol（如 ``SZ000001``），服务端开始按需轮询并推送
+  tick 帧；连接断开自动退订，无人订阅时完全停止轮询（节能语义与
+  ``/stream/quotes`` 的 QuoteStreamer 一致，见 :mod:`easy_tdx.web.realtime_hub`）。
+- 服务端推送帧格式（JSON）::
+
+      {"type": "tick", "symbol": "SZ000001", "market": "SZ", "code": "000001",
+       "price": 10.5, "volume": 12345.0, "ts": 1760000000.0,
+       "open": ..., "high": ..., "low": ..., "pre_close": ..., "amount": ..., "name": "平安银行"}
+
+  空闲时每 30s 一条 ``{"type": "ping"}`` 心跳；连接级错误发
+  ``{"type": "error", "msg": ...}``。
+- 客户端控制消息（JSON 文本帧）::
+
+      {"action": "subscribe",   "symbol": "SH600000"}
+      {"action": "unsubscribe", "symbol": "SH600000"}
+
+  服务端回 ``{"type": "status", "msg": "subscribed SH600000"}`` 确认；
+  去重后标的总数上限 80（get_stock_quotes 协议约束），超限回错误帧。
+"""
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
@@ -9,95 +31,92 @@ from typing import Any
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter, WebSocket, WebSocketDisconnect
 
+from easy_tdx.web.realtime_hub import RealtimeStreamHub
+
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 router = APIRouter(tags=["realtime"])
 
+#: 空闲心跳间隔（秒）。receive 超时未收到客户端消息即发一条 ping。
+_HEARTBEAT_SECONDS = 30.0
+
+
+async def _pump(websocket: WebSocket, queue: asyncio.Queue[dict[str, Any]]) -> None:
+    """唯一的发送协程：把 hub 队列里的帧逐条写给客户端。
+
+    单一写者模型：tick / status / error / ping 全部经队列串行发出，
+    避免多协程并发 send_json 的帧交错风险。
+    """
+    while True:
+        frame = await queue.get()
+        await websocket.send_json(frame)
+
 
 @router.websocket("/ws/realtime/{symbol}")
 async def realtime_websocket(websocket: WebSocket, symbol: str) -> None:
-    """WebSocket 实时行情订阅。
-
-    连接后自动订阅指定标的的实时事件。
-    symbol 格式: SZ000001, SH600000 等。
-
-    客户端可发送 JSON 消息来控制订阅：
-    - {"action": "subscribe", "symbol": "SZ000001"}
-    - {"action": "unsubscribe", "symbol": "SZ000001"}
-
-    服务端推送消息格式：
-    - {"type": "tick", "market": "SZ", "code": "000001", "price": 10.5, ...}
-    - {"type": "signal", "direction": "BUY", ...}
-    """
+    """WebSocket 实时行情订阅（协议见模块 docstring）。"""
     await websocket.accept()
-    logger.info("WebSocket client connected for symbol: %s", symbol)
+    hub: RealtimeStreamHub | None = getattr(websocket.app.state, "realtime_hub", None)
+    if hub is None:
+        await websocket.send_json(
+            {"type": "error", "msg": "实时数据源不可用（MAC 行情客户端未连接）"}
+        )
+        await websocket.close()
+        return
 
-    # Try to get EventBus from app state
-    event_bus = getattr(websocket.app.state, "event_bus", None)
+    cid, queue = hub.connect()
+    logger.info("WS realtime 连接：symbol=%s cid=%s", symbol, cid)
 
-    subscribed_symbols: set[str] = {symbol.upper()}
-
-    async def _on_event(event: Any) -> None:
-        """EventBus 回调 → 推送 WebSocket 消息。"""
-        event_symbol = f"{event.market}{event.code}"
-        if event_symbol in subscribed_symbols:
-            try:
-                msg = {
-                    "type": event.event_type.value,
-                    "market": event.market,
-                    "code": event.code,
-                    "price": event.price,
-                    "volume": event.volume,
-                    "timestamp": event.timestamp,
-                    "data": event.data,
-                }
-                await websocket.send_json(msg)
-            except Exception:
-                logger.warning("Failed to send WebSocket message")
-
-    # Subscribe to event bus if available
-    if event_bus is not None:
-        event_bus.subscribe_all(_on_event)
+    def _enqueue(frame: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        """控制帧也走队列（容量满时静默丢弃，不影响行情流）。"""
+        try:
+            queue.put_nowait(frame)
+        except asyncio.QueueFull:
+            pass
 
+    pump_task = asyncio.create_task(_pump(websocket, queue))
     try:
+        try:
+            await hub.subscribe(cid, symbol)
+        except ValueError as exc:
+            _enqueue({"type": "error", "msg": str(exc)})
+            await websocket.close()
+            return
+
         while True:
-            # Receive client messages (subscribe/unsubscribe control)
             try:
-                raw = await asyncio.wait_for(websocket.receive_text(), timeout=30.0)
-                data = json.loads(raw)
-                action = data.get("action", "")
-
-                if action == "subscribe":
-                    new_symbol = data.get("symbol", "").upper()
-                    if new_symbol:
-                        subscribed_symbols.add(new_symbol)
-                        await websocket.send_json(
-                            {"type": "status", "msg": f"subscribed {new_symbol}"}
-                        )
-
-                elif action == "unsubscribe":
-                    old_symbol = data.get("symbol", "").upper()
-                    subscribed_symbols.discard(old_symbol)
-                    await websocket.send_json(
-                        {"type": "status", "msg": f"unsubscribed {old_symbol}"}
-                    )
-
+                raw = await asyncio.wait_for(websocket.receive_text(), timeout=_HEARTBEAT_SECONDS)
             except asyncio.TimeoutError:
-                # Send heartbeat ping
-                try:
-                    await websocket.send_json({"type": "ping"})
-                except Exception:
-                    break
-            except WebSocketDisconnect:
-                break
+                _enqueue({"type": "ping"})
+                continue
+
+            try:
+                data = json.loads(raw)
             except json.JSONDecodeError:
-                await websocket.send_json({"type": "error", "msg": "invalid JSON"})
+                _enqueue({"type": "error", "msg": "invalid JSON"})
+                continue
+
+            action = str(data.get("action", ""))
+            target = str(data.get("symbol", ""))
+            if action == "subscribe" and target:
+                try:
+                    await hub.subscribe(cid, target)
+                except ValueError as exc:
+                    _enqueue({"type": "error", "msg": str(exc)})
+                    continue
+                _enqueue({"type": "status", "msg": f"subscribed {target.upper()}"})
+            elif action == "unsubscribe" and target:
+                await hub.unsubscribe(cid, target)
+                _enqueue({"type": "status", "msg": f"unsubscribed {target.upper()}"})
+            else:
+                _enqueue({"type": "error", "msg": f"unknown action: {raw[:80]}"})
 
     except WebSocketDisconnect:
-        logger.info("WebSocket client disconnected: %s", symbol)
+        pass
     except Exception:
-        logger.exception("WebSocket error for %s", symbol)
+        logger.exception("WS realtime 连接异常：symbol=%s", symbol)
     finally:
-        if event_bus is not None:
-            event_bus.unsubscribe(symbol.upper(), _on_event)
-        logger.info("WebSocket connection closed: %s", symbol)
+        pump_task.cancel()
+        await asyncio.gather(pump_task, return_exceptions=True)
+        await hub.disconnect(cid)
+        logger.info("WS realtime 连接关闭：symbol=%s cid=%s", symbol, cid)
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_realtime_feed.py b/tests/unit/test_realtime_feed.py
index 9b76d5a..7cdeb5e 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_realtime_feed.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_realtime_feed.py
@@ -306,3 +306,29 @@ class TestStopFlag:
 
         await asyncio.gather(feed.run_async(client), _stop_soon())
         assert feed.running is False
+
+    async def test_stop_before_start_exits_immediately(self) -> None:
+        """回归（v1.28）：stop 在 run_async 首次调度前调用也必须生效。
+
+        run_async 首行会把 _running 重置为 True，若无独立停止标志，
+        RealtimeStreamHub 这类「先 stop 再等任务退出」的用法会永久挂起。
+        """
+        bus = EventBus()
+        client = AsyncMockClient([_sample_quotes_df()])
+        feed = RealtimeDataFeed(bus=bus, symbols=[(0, "000001")], sessions=(), interval=0.2)
+        feed.stop()
+
+        task = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_task(feed.run_async(client))
+        await asyncio.wait_for(task, timeout=2.0)  # 启动即退出，不发轮询请求
+        assert client.calls == []
+        assert feed.running is False
+
+    async def test_stop_before_start_sync_loop(self) -> None:
+        """run_sync 路径同样的竞态防护。"""
+        bus = EventBus()
+        client = SyncMockClient([_sample_quotes_df()])
+        feed = RealtimeDataFeed(bus=bus, symbols=[(0, "000001")], sessions=(), interval=0.2)
+        feed.stop()
+
+        await asyncio.wait_for(feed._run_sync_loop(client, None), timeout=2.0)
+        assert client.calls == []
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_realtime_ws.py b/tests/unit/test_realtime_ws.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d1d0960
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/test_realtime_ws.py
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+"""RealtimeStreamHub（WebSocket 实时推送枢纽）单元测试。
+
+全程用假行情客户端（不打真实网络、不受交易时段限制——hub 传 sessions=()），
+覆盖：订阅触发轮询、多客户端并发订阅同/不同标的、退订引用计数与竞态、
+无人订阅完全停止轮询、背压丢旧、以及 WS 端点端到端帧格式。
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from typing import Any
+
+import pandas as pd
+import pytest
+
+from easy_tdx.web.realtime_hub import (
+    MAX_WS_SYMBOLS,
+    RealtimeStreamHub,
+    parse_realtime_symbol,
+)
+
+pytest.importorskip("fastapi")
+
+
+class FakeQuoteClient:
+    """假 MAC 行情客户端：每次调用价格/量递增（绕过 feed 的 (price, vol) 去重）。"""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.calls = 0
+        self.requested: list[list[tuple[int, str]]] = []
+        self._seq = 0
+
+    async def get_stock_quotes(
+        self, stocks: list[tuple[int, str]], fields: Any = None
+    ) -> pd.DataFrame:
+        self.calls += 1
+        self.requested.append(list(stocks))
+        self._seq += 1
+        rows = []
+        for market, code in stocks:
+            base = 10.0 + (int(code) % 100) * 0.1
+            rows.append(
+                {
+                    "market": int(market),
+                    "code": code,
+                    "close": base + self._seq * 0.01,
+                    "vol": 1000.0 + self._seq,
+                    "open": base,
+                    "high": base + 1.0,
+                    "low": base - 1.0,
+                    "pre_close": base,
+                    "amount": (base + self._seq * 0.01) * 1000.0,
+                    "name": f"股票{code}",
+                }
+            )
+        return pd.DataFrame(rows)
+
+
+def _make_hub(**kwargs: Any) -> tuple[RealtimeStreamHub, FakeQuoteClient]:
+    client = FakeQuoteClient()
+    hub = RealtimeStreamHub(
+        client,
+        interval=0.1,  # feed 内部 clamp 下限
+        sessions=(),  # 关闭交易时段过滤，测试不受运行时刻影响
+        **kwargs,
+    )
+    return hub, client
+
+
+async def _next_tick(queue: asyncio.Queue[dict[str, Any]], timeout: float = 5.0) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """取队列里的下一帧（跳过 status/ping 等控制帧）。"""
+    deadline = asyncio.get_event_loop().time() + timeout
+    while True:
+        remaining = deadline - asyncio.get_event_loop().time()
+        assert remaining > 0, "等待 tick 帧超时"
+        frame = await asyncio.wait_for(queue.get(), timeout=remaining)
+        if frame.get("type") == "tick":
+            return frame
+
+
+# ── 符号解析 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+def test_parse_symbol() -> None:
+    assert parse_realtime_symbol("SZ000001") == (0, "000001")
+    assert parse_realtime_symbol("sh600519") == (1, "600519")
+    assert parse_realtime_symbol("BJ920002") == (2, "920002")
+    for bad in ("600519", "XX000001", "SZ00001a", "SZ0000001", ""):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="标的格式"):
+            parse_realtime_symbol(bad)
+
+
+# ── 订阅 / 轮询生命周期 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+async def test_subscribe_starts_polling_and_pushes_frames() -> None:
+    """订阅 → feed 开始轮询 → 队列收到 {symbol, price, ts} tick 帧。"""
+    hub, client = _make_hub()
+    assert not hub.polling  # 无人订阅不轮询
+
+    cid, queue = hub.connect()
+    await hub.subscribe(cid, "SZ000001")
+    assert hub.polling
+    assert hub.poll_symbols == ["SZ000001"]
+
+    frame = await _next_tick(queue)
+    assert frame["type"] == "tick"
+    assert frame["symbol"] == "SZ000001"
+    assert frame["market"] == "SZ"
+    assert frame["code"] == "000001"
+    assert frame["price"] > 0
+    assert frame["ts"] > 0
+    assert frame["name"] == "股票000001"
+
+    # 第二帧（假客户端价格递增，绕过去重）
+    frame2 = await _next_tick(queue)
+    assert frame2["price"] != frame["price"]
+    assert client.calls >= 2
+
+    await hub.shutdown()
+
+
+async def test_unsubscribe_last_client_stops_polling() -> None:
+    """退订到无人订阅 → 轮询完全停止（节能语义）。"""
+    hub, client = _make_hub()
+    cid, queue = hub.connect()
+    await hub.subscribe(cid, "SH600519")
+    await _next_tick(queue)
+    calls_before = client.calls
+
+    await hub.unsubscribe(cid, "SH600519")
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.35)  # 越过若干个 interval，确认不再发起新轮询
+    assert not hub.polling
+    assert hub.poll_symbols == []
+    assert client.calls == calls_before
+
+    await hub.shutdown()
+
+
+# ── 多客户端并发 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+async def test_multiple_clients_same_symbol_all_receive() -> None:
+    """两个客户端订阅同一标的：都收到推送；退订一个后轮询继续（引用计数）。"""
+    hub, client = _make_hub()
+    cid1, q1 = hub.connect()
+    cid2, q2 = hub.connect()
+    await hub.subscribe(cid1, "SZ000001")
+    await hub.subscribe(cid2, "sz000001")  # 大小写归一到同一标的
+
+    f1 = await _next_tick(q1)
+    f2 = await _next_tick(q2)
+    assert f1["symbol"] == f2["symbol"] == "SZ000001"
+    # 去重后只轮询一份
+    assert hub.poll_symbols == ["SZ000001"]
+
+    # 客户端 1 断开：客户端 2 仍在订阅，轮询不停止
+    await hub.disconnect(cid1)
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.2)
+    assert hub.polling
+    await _next_tick(q2)
+
+    await hub.shutdown()
+
+
+async def test_clients_different_symbols_no_cross_delivery() -> None:
+    """不同客户端订阅不同标的：各自只收到自己标的的帧。"""
+    hub, _client = _make_hub()
+    cid_a, q_a = hub.connect()
+    cid_b, q_b = hub.connect()
+    await hub.subscribe(cid_a, "SZ000001")
+    await hub.subscribe(cid_b, "SH600519")
+    assert hub.poll_symbols == ["SH600519", "SZ000001"]  # 排序确定
+
+    for _ in range(3):  # 多收几帧确认无串扰
+        fa = await _next_tick(q_a)
+        fb = await _next_tick(q_b)
+        assert fa["symbol"] == "SZ000001"
+        assert fb["symbol"] == "SH600519"
+
+    await hub.shutdown()
+
+
+async def test_dynamic_subscribe_extends_poll_set() -> None:
+    """运行中追加订阅：新标的进入轮询集合并开始推送。"""
+    hub, client = _make_hub()
+    cid, queue = hub.connect()
+    await hub.subscribe(cid, "SZ000001")
+    await _next_tick(queue)
+
+    await hub.subscribe(cid, "SH600519")
+    assert hub.poll_symbols == ["SH600519", "SZ000001"]
+    seen: set[str] = set()
+    for _ in range(8):
+        frame = await _next_tick(queue)
+        seen.add(frame["symbol"])
+        if seen == {"SZ000001", "SH600519"}:
+            break
+    assert seen == {"SZ000001", "SH600519"}
+    # 每轮轮询带全量订阅集合（requested 记录 (market_int, code) 元组）
+    requested_keys = {f"SZ{c}" if m == 0 else f"SH{c}" for m, c in client.requested[-1]}
+    assert {"SZ000001", "SH600519"}.issubset(requested_keys)
+
+    await hub.shutdown()
+
+
+# ── 竞态 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+async def test_concurrent_subscribe_unsubscribe_race() -> None:
+    """多客户端并发订阅/退订同一批标的：最终引用计数与轮询状态一致。"""
+    hub, _client = _make_hub()
+    cids = [hub.connect()[0] for _ in range(8)]
+    symbols = ["SZ000001", "SH600519", "SZ399006"]
+
+    # 并发混订：偶数客户端先订后退，奇数只订
+    await asyncio.gather(
+        *[hub.subscribe(cid, sym) for cid in cids for sym in symbols],
+        *[hub.unsubscribe(cid, sym) for cid in cids[::2] for sym in symbols],
+    )
+    # 奇数客户端（索引 1,3,5,7）仍各持有 3 个标的的订阅
+    assert hub.poll_symbols == sorted(symbols)
+    assert hub.subscriber_count == 8
+
+    # 全部断开（并发）→ 轮询停止
+    await asyncio.gather(*[hub.disconnect(cid) for cid in cids])
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.2)
+    assert not hub.polling
+    assert hub.poll_symbols == []
+
+    await hub.shutdown()
+
+
+async def test_symbol_cap_rejected() -> None:
+    """去重后标的数超 80（协议上限）拒绝并抛 ValueError。"""
+    hub, _client = _make_hub()
+    cid, _queue = hub.connect()
+    for i in range(MAX_WS_SYMBOLS):
+        await hub.subscribe(cid, f"SH{i:06d}")
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="上限"):
+        await hub.subscribe(cid, "SZ000001")
+    await hub.shutdown()
+
+
+async def test_backpressure_drops_oldest() -> None:
+    """队列满时丢最旧保最新（行情快照旧帧无价值）。"""
+    hub, _client = _make_hub(queue_size=2)
+    cid, queue = hub.connect()
+    await hub.subscribe(cid, "SZ000001")
+
+    # 不消费，等队列塞满并溢出
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.8)
+    assert queue.qsize() <= 2
+    prices = [queue.get_nowait()["price"] for _ in range(queue.qsize())]
+    # 留下的是最新帧（假客户端价格单调递增）
+    assert prices == sorted(prices)
+
+    await hub.shutdown()
+
+
+# ── WS 端点端到端（TestClient）───────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+def test_ws_endpoint_end_to_end(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    """连接 → 收 tick 帧（真实路由 + hub + feed，仅行情源为假）。
+
+    hub 的 feed 任务跑在 TestClient 的 portal 事件循环里，客户端退出时随循环
+    一并销毁，无需（也无法）在测试协程里再 shutdown。
+    """
+    from fastapi import FastAPI
+    from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+    from easy_tdx.web.routers.realtime import router
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+    app.include_router(router, prefix="/api/v1")
+    hub, _client = _make_hub()
+    app.state.realtime_hub = hub
+
+    with TestClient(app) as client, client.websocket_connect("/api/v1/ws/realtime/SZ000001") as ws:
+        frame = ws.receive_json()
+        assert frame["type"] == "tick"
+        assert frame["symbol"] == "SZ000001"
+        assert {"price", "ts", "market", "code"} <= set(frame)