diff --git a/src/easy_tdx/backtest/formula_strategy.py b/src/easy_tdx/backtest/formula_strategy.py
index e757f74..bfbb450 100644
--- a/src/easy_tdx/backtest/formula_strategy.py
+++ b/src/easy_tdx/backtest/formula_strategy.py
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ def _clean_json(obj: Any) -> Any:
 
     if isinstance(obj, dict):
         return {str(k): _clean_json(v) for k, v in obj.items()}
-    if isinstance(obj, (list, tuple)):
+    if isinstance(obj, list | tuple):
         return [_clean_json(v) for v in obj]
     if isinstance(obj, _np.integer):
         return int(obj)
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ def _clean_json(obj: Any) -> Any:
         return f if _np.isfinite(f) else None
     if isinstance(obj, _np.bool_):
         return bool(obj)
-    if obj is None or isinstance(obj, (str, int, bool)):
+    if obj is None or isinstance(obj, str | int | bool):
         return obj
     if isinstance(obj, float):
         return float(obj) if _np.isfinite(obj) else None
diff --git a/src/easy_tdx/backtest/indicator_cache.py b/src/easy_tdx/backtest/indicator_cache.py
index 10591ce..a7f9cf2 100644
--- a/src/easy_tdx/backtest/indicator_cache.py
+++ b/src/easy_tdx/backtest/indicator_cache.py
@@ -89,6 +89,6 @@ class IndicatorCache:
             arr_id = id(a)
             self._array_refs[arr_id] = a  # 持引用，防 id 复用
             return ("arr", arr_id, a.shape)
-        if isinstance(a, (int, float, str, bool, type(None))):
+        if isinstance(a, int | float | str | bool | None):
             return ("s", type(a).__name__, repr(a))
         return ("o", type(a).__name__, repr(a))
diff --git a/src/easy_tdx/backtest/rotation.py b/src/easy_tdx/backtest/rotation.py
index b9f0716..8e5aee0 100644
--- a/src/easy_tdx/backtest/rotation.py
+++ b/src/easy_tdx/backtest/rotation.py
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ def _clean(obj: Any) -> Any:
     """numpy/Timestamp/NaN → JSON 原生（递归）。"""
     if isinstance(obj, dict):
         return {str(k): _clean(v) for k, v in obj.items()}
-    if isinstance(obj, (list, tuple)):
+    if isinstance(obj, list | tuple):
         return [_clean(v) for v in obj]
     if isinstance(obj, np.integer):
         return int(obj)
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ def _clean(obj: Any) -> Any:
         return bool(obj)
     if isinstance(obj, float) and not math.isfinite(obj):
         return None
-    if obj is None or isinstance(obj, (str, int, bool)):
+    if obj is None or isinstance(obj, str | int | bool):
         return obj
     if hasattr(obj, "isoformat"):
         return obj.isoformat()
diff --git a/src/easy_tdx/backtest/types.py b/src/easy_tdx/backtest/types.py
index dc47b69..fcbb9df 100644
--- a/src/easy_tdx/backtest/types.py
+++ b/src/easy_tdx/backtest/types.py
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ def to_json_native(obj: Any) -> Any:
 
     if isinstance(obj, dict):
         return {str(k): to_json_native(v) for k, v in obj.items()}
-    if isinstance(obj, (list, tuple)):
+    if isinstance(obj, list | tuple):
         return [to_json_native(v) for v in obj]
     if isinstance(obj, np.integer):
         return int(obj)
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ def to_json_native(obj: Any) -> Any:
         return bool(obj)
     if isinstance(obj, float) and not math.isfinite(obj):
         return None
-    if obj is None or isinstance(obj, (str, int, bool)):
+    if obj is None or isinstance(obj, str | int | bool):
         return obj
     if hasattr(obj, "isoformat"):
         return obj.isoformat()
diff --git a/src/easy_tdx/web/task_store.py b/src/easy_tdx/web/task_store.py
index e15fc89..6a7b4a1 100644
--- a/src/easy_tdx/web/task_store.py
+++ b/src/easy_tdx/web/task_store.py
@@ -53,16 +53,16 @@ def _json_default(obj: Any) -> Any:
     import numpy as np
     import pandas as pd
 
-    if isinstance(obj, (np.integer,)):
+    if isinstance(obj, np.integer):
         return int(obj)
-    if isinstance(obj, (np.floating,)):
+    if isinstance(obj, np.floating):
         v = float(obj)
         return v if np.isfinite(v) else None
     if isinstance(obj, np.bool_):
         return bool(obj)
     if isinstance(obj, pd.Timestamp):
         return obj.isoformat()
-    if isinstance(obj, (np.ndarray, pd.Series)):
+    if isinstance(obj, np.ndarray | pd.Series):
         return obj.tolist()
     return str(obj)